Cab Frame with Integrated Rollover Protective Structure

ABSTRACT

The cab for a mobile machine includes a seat for an operator, and a rollover protective structure (ROPS). The ROPS being positioned on either side of a first vertical plane centrally located on the seat and extending along a length of the cab. The ROPS may include a C-post positioned behind the seat, and a B-post positioned in front of the seat. The C-post may include a first portion extending upwards and angled towards the seat. The first portion may extend from a first end proximate a bottom rear corner of the cab to a second end proximate the first vertical axis. The ROPS may also include a second portion extending upwards from the second end to a third end proximate a roof of the cab. The ROPS may further include a third portion extending in a direction away from the seat from the third end to a fourth end proximate a top rear corner of the cab.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The disclosure is related to a cab having a frame with a hydroformedrollover protective structure, and more particularly to a cab of amobile machine having a frame with a hydroformed rollover protectivestructure.

BACKGROUND

A mobile machine, such as an earthmoving machine, an excavation-typemachine, a mining machine, or the like, may be driven, or otherwiseoperated, by a person who sits in a cabin or cab connected to themachine. Often, the frame of the cab includes a rollover protectivestructure (ROPS). As its name describes, the purpose of the ROPS is toprovide a structure that may prevent the cab from being crushed in arollover. Often times, the ROPS is constructed from numerous hollowmetal tubes of different lengths and cross-sectional dimensions. Thesetubes are welded together in different orientations to produce thedesired shape of the cab frame. Welding the tubes together is atime-consuming, labor-intensive, and expensive process. The welds mayalso compromise the strength of the ROPS. Therefore, gussets are oftenused to strengthen the weld joints that are formed between verticallyand horizontally extending tubes of the ROPS. Welding the gussets to themetal tubes is also time-consuming, labor-intensive, and expensive.Further, the gussets block access to the corners of the cab frame, whereit would otherwise be convenient to run electrical harnesses andducting.

British Patent GB 1170240 describes a tractor comprising arched tubularmembers that form a cage-like frame around an operator cabin. In GB'240, the cabin is suspended from, and positioned within, the frame toprotect the cabin. While the frame of GB '240 may provide protection tothe cabin in some applications, it may have disadvantages. For instance,the configuration of the frame may reduce the size of the cabin andreduce operator visibility from within the cabin. The disclosed cab isdirected to overcoming these and other limitations of existingtechnology.

SUMMARY

In one aspect, a cab of a mobile machine is disclosed. The cab mayinclude a seat for an operator, and a rollover protective structure(ROPS). The ROPS being positioned on either side of a first verticalplane centrally located on the seat and extending along a length of thecab. The ROPS may include a C-post positioned behind the seat, and aB-post positioned in front of the seat. The C-post may include a firstportion extending upwards and angled towards the seat. The first portionmay extend from a first end proximate a bottom rear corner of the cab toa second end proximate the first vertical axis. The ROPS may alsoinclude a second portion extending upwards from the second end to athird end proximate a roof of the cab. The ROPS may further include athird portion extending in a direction away from the seat from the thirdend to a fourth end proximate a top rear corner of the cab.

In another aspect, a cab for a mobile machine is disclosed. The cab mayinclude a seat for an operator. The cab may also include a firstvertical plane centrally positioned on the seat and extending along alength of the cab. The cab may further include a rollover protectivestructure (ROPS). The ROPS may include two C-posts arranged on eitherside the first vertical plane and positioned behind the seat. TheC-posts may include bottom portions coupled to a floor of the cabproximate rear corners of the cab and angled upwards and towards eachother. The C-posts may also include proximately positioned mid portionsextending upwards, and top portions curving away from each other towardsopposite corners of a roof of the cab.

In yet another aspect, a cab for a mobile machine is disclosed. The cabincludes a first vertical plane extending along a length of the cab, asecond vertical plane orthogonal to the first vertical plane andextending along a width of the cab, and a third horizontal planeorthogonal to the first and second vertical planes. The cab alsoincludes a rollover protective structure (ROPS). The ROPS may include aC-post positioned at a rear portion of the cab. The Cost may include abottom portion that extends upwards and angles inwards to make an acuteangle with the third horizontal plane. The C-post may also include a midportion that extends upwards from an end of the bottom portion and makesan acute angle with the second vertical plane. The C-post may furtherinclude a top portion that curves outward from an end of the mid portiontowards a top corner of the cab. The ROPS may also include a B-postpositioned in front of the C-post. And, the cab may also include anA-post positioned in front of the B-post.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is an exemplary mobile machine having a cab in accordance withthe disclosure.

FIG. 2 is an isometric view of an exemplary cab of the currentdisclosure.

FIG. 3 is an isometric view of an exemplary frame that may be used inthe cab of FIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is an isometric view of an exemplary ROPS that may be integratedin the frame of FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is a front view of the ROPS of FIG. 4.

FIG. 6 is a side view of the ROPS of FIG. 4.

FIG. 7 is a top view of the ROPS of FIG. 4.

FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration showing an operator's field of viewin the cab of FIG. 2.

FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration showing an operator's field of viewin a cab with a recessed floor.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary machine 10 having multiple systems andcomponents that perform desired tasks at a work site. In the depictedexample, machine 10 is a motor grader. It is contemplated, however, thatmachine 10 could alternatively embody another type of mobile machine,such as a backhoe, a front shovel, a dozer, or another similar machine.Machine 10 is powered by an engine system 16 and includes several wheels(with tires 18) that transport the machine to different locations.Machine 10 also includes, among other components, one or more groundengaging tools (GETs), for example, blade 12, ripper 14, etc., thatperform desired tasks at the worksite. Blade 12 may be coupled tomachine 10 by linkage and cylinder assemblies that may be independentlycontrolled to move (rotate, translate, etc.) the blade 12 to a varietyof different positions relative to machine 10. In some of thesepositions, the heel (bottom edge) of blade 12 may contact the tires 18or other components of machine 10 and cause damage. Machine 10 may bedriven, and its tools controlled, by an operator positioned in a cab 20.Typically, the operator controls and closely monitors the movement ofthe blade 12 (and other GETs) to prevent contact of the blade 12 withcomponents of the machine 10.

FIG. 2 is an isometric view of cab 20 separated from machine 10. Cab 20may include a seat 22 for the operator to sit on while operating machine10. Cab 20 may also house control devices (joysticks 24, etc.) and otherinstruments (e.g., console 26, communication systems, etc.) that enablethe operator to drive and operate the GETs of machine 10. Typically,these control devices are positioned within easy reach and sight of theoperator within the cab 20. Cab 20 includes an index axis 100. The indexaxis 100 is a vertical axis extending upward from a central location ofthe seat 22. The index axis 100 represents the general position of theoperator's eyes, with varying height, when the operator is seated inseat 22. In general, the operator's view while seated on seat 22 willoriginate from the index axis 100. As will be described in more detaillater, the operator's visibility, while operating machine 10, maygenerally be along straight lines that emanate from the index axis 100.These lines are referred to herein as lines of the sight of theoperator. It is known that increasing operator visibility to criticalzones of machine 10 (such as, for example, the heel of blade 12 andtires 18) reduces operator fatigue, increases productivity and improvesmachine efficiency.

Cab 20 includes a frame 28 that defines the shape of the cab 20. Cab 20may have any shape and configuration, in general, the configuration ofcab 20 may be adapted to increase the operator's visibility and comfortwhile providing the desired structural strength. To increase visibility,the components of the frame 28 may be arranged to minimize obstructionof the operator's line of sight to the GETs and its surroundings. Toincrease comfort, the components of the frame 28 may be adapted toincrease the space available for the operator within the cab 20 withoutreducing the space needed for hydraulic and other systems of the machine10.

Cab 20 includes a roof 32 and a floor 34 connected together by multiplewalls to enclose a volume. These walls may include a back wall 36 facingthe engine system 16, a front wall 38 facing the blade 12, and right andleft sidewalls 42. In some embodiments, oblique walls 44 may connect theright and left sidewalls 42 to the front wall 38. Some or all of thesewalls may be made, or include portions, of glass or another transparentmaterial. In some embodiments, as illustrated in FIG. 2, a substantialportion of the walls surrounding the cab 20 may be transparent. In someembodiments, as illustrated by back wall 36 of FIG. 2, a portion of thewall may include a skin of an opaque material and another portion of thewall may include glass.

The walls may be attached to the frame 28 or to each other to form thecab 20. The attachment regions may be sealed or caulked to reduce airleaks. A portion of the front wall 38 may serve as a windshield 46, anda portion of the back wall 36 may serve as a rear window 48. Cab 20 mayalso include one or more side windows and one or more doors. Forinstance, in some embodiments, one or both of the oblique walls 44 mayinclude (or may be configured as) doors (not shown). These doors mayprovide access for the operator into the cab 20. In some embodiments,cab 20 may also include ladders or steps 49 to assist the operator inentering and exiting cab 20. To protect the operator in the case of arollover of machine 10, cab 20 is provided with a ROPS 30. The ROPS 30may be integrated with, or form portions of, the frame 28. In the caseof a rollover, the ROPS 30 absorbs energy and prevents the cab 20 frombeing crushed due to the forces acting upon it.

FIG. 3 is an isometric view of the frame 28 with the ROPS 30 integratedthereto. To illustrate the relative positions of the frame componentswithin the cab 20, the body of the cab is shown in FIG. 3 using dashedlines. In the discussion below, the x-y-z triad illustrated in FIG. 3will be used as the frame of reference, and where relevant, referencewill be made to both FIGS. 2 and 3. In addition to other components,frame 28 includes two A-posts 50, two B-posts 60, and two C-posts 70arranged along the length of the cab 20 (along the x-axis). As would beknown to a person of ordinary skill in the art, A-posts, B-posts, andC-posts are vertically extending support members that are arranged fromthe front to the back of a cab. The A-posts 50, B-posts 60, and C-posts70 are positioned at the front portion, mid portion, and rear portion,respectively, of the cab 20.

The A-posts 50 extends upwards from a first end 52 proximate the floor34 to a second end 54 proximate the roof 32 of the cab 20. In someembodiments, the A-posts 50 extend linearly from the first end 52 to thesecond end 54. As illustrated in FIG. 3, in some embodiments, theA-posts 50 may be inclined in one or more orthogonal planes (forexample, x-z plane and y-z plane). In some embodiments, the A-posts 50may be inclined only along the x-z plane (that is, leaned or inclinedforward from cab 20). In such embodiments, the magnitude of thex-coordinate of the second end 54 of each A-post 50 will be greater thanthe magnitude of the x-coordinate of its first end 52 (that is,|x₅₄|>|x₅₂|). In some embodiments, the A-posts 50 may be inclined alongonly the y-z plane (that is leaned or inclined outwards from cab 20). Insuch embodiments, the magnitude of the y-coordinate of the second end 54may be greater than the magnitude of the y-coordinate of the first end52 (that is, |y₅₄|>|y₅₂|).

In some embodiments, the A-posts 50 may be inclined both forward andoutward. That is, each A-post 50 may be inclined along both the x-zplane and the y-z plane (that is, |x₅₄|>|x₅₂| and |y₅₄>|y₅₂|). TheA-posts 50 may be inclined forwardly in the x-z plane such each A-post50 makes an angle θ₁ with the y-z plane. And, the A-posts 50 may beinclined outwardly in the y-z plane such that each A-post 50 makes anangle θ₂ with the x-z plane. In the inclined configuration (in the x-zplane, y-z plane, or in both), the first ends 52 (of the two A-posts 50)may be closer to each other than their second ends 54. In general, θ₁may vary between about 0°-25°, and θ₂ may vary between about 0°-12°. Insome embodiments, θ₁ may vary between about 5°-25°, and θ₂ may varybetween about 2°-12°. In a preferred embodiment, θ₁ may vary betweenabout 7°-15°, and θ₂ may vary between about 2°-8°. Throughout thisdisclosure, the term “about” is used to indicate that a discloseddimension may vary by about 10% from the disclosed value due tomeasurement and other inaccuracies.

The front wall 38 and the windshield 46 of the cab 20 are positionedbetween the A-posts 50 (FIG. 2), inclining the A-posts 50 forward and/oroutward may have several benefits. For instance, such an inclination mayincrease the windshield area and enhance visibility through thewindshield 46. Inclining the A-posts 50 forward and outward also makesthe A-posts 50 appear to be vertical to an operator seated in seat 22.The shape and configuration of the A-posts 50 may be adapted to minimizevisibility blockage, and allow unobstructed viewing to the front ofmachine 10. For instance, in some embodiments, the A-post 50 may have anelongated (for example, rectangular) cross-section with orthogonal longand short axes. To minimize obstruction to the operator's line of sight,the long axis of the A-posts 50 may be oriented to be parallel to theoperator's line of sight. The spacing between the A-posts 50 may beoptimized to accommodate the controls within the cab 20, and hydraulicsystems below the cab.

The C-posts 70 are located at the rear end of the cab 20, and theB-posts 60 are located between the A-posts 50 and the C-posts 70. Withreference to FIG. 2, in some embodiments, the C-posts 70 may bepositioned behind the operator's seat 22, and the B-posts 60 may belocated in front of the seat 22. The B-posts 60 and the C-posts 70together comprise the ROPS 30 of cab 20. FIGS. 4, 5, 6, and 7 illustratean isometric view, front view, side view, and top view respectively ofROPS 30. In the discussion that follows, reference will be made to FIGS.4-7. The B-post 60 and C-post 70 of ROPS 30 may be formed as a connectedsingle part by a hydroforming operation.

During the hydroforming operation, a hollow tube of a ROPS grade steel,having a constant circular cross-section, may be held in a mold and apressurized fluid (i.e., liquid or gas) may be flowed through theinterior of the tube. As a result, the hollow tube may be plasticallydeformed and may take on the shape of the mold. The mold may have theshape of the combined B-post 60 and C-post 70. Therefore, through ahydroforming operation, the hollow tube may be transformed into a singlepart (or piece) having the shape of a connected B-post 60 and C-post 70in a single manufacturing step. The hydroforming operation allows asingle straight tube of constant cross-section shape and size (diameter,wall thickness, etc.) to be transformed into a connected B-post 60 andC-post 70 with different cross-sectional shapes at different locations.For instance, in some embodiments, a hollow tube having a wall thicknessof greater than 6 mm may be hydroformed to produce a part havingdifferent cross-sectional shapes and thicknesses at different locationsof the C-post 70 and different cross-sectional shapes and thicknesses atdifferent locations of the B-post 60. The shape of the hydroformedstructure has a large effect on the way stress is distributed across andaround a tube. Controlling the stress distribution enables the use ofless material while increasing the frame strength. In general, thickertubes may be used to form. ROPS of larger machines that may requirehigher load carrying capacity, and thinner tubes may be used for smallermachines that may require lower load carrying capacity. Although not alimitation, in general, the thickness of the tubes may vary between 2mm-12 mm. The configuration (shape, etc.) of the connected B-post 60 andC-post 70 disclosed in this application is such that the component maybe repeatably manufactured by hydroforming tubes of any thickness,without defects.

Forming the B-post 60 and the C-post 70 by hydroforming as a singlepiece eliminates welds and other joints that may be otherwise needed tojoin a separate C-post 70 to the B-post 60. Eliminating welds and jointsincreases the strength and load carrying capacity of the resultingstructure. Forming the B-post 60 and the C-post 70 jointly as a singlepiece also reduces the number of separate parts (tubes, gussets, etc.)and manufacturing operations needed to form a ROPS having the desiredload carrying capacity. The cross-section and orientation of thestructure at different locations may be adapted to improve operatorvisibility and accommodate component-mounting features. For instance,the orientation of the structure at different locations may he adaptedto reduce obstruction to the operator's line of sight (for instance, athin section of the structure at different locations may be arranged toface the operator). As discussed previously, increasing operatorvisibility increases operator and machine efficiency. In someembodiments, door-mounting features may be incorporated into the B-posts60 to support doors on the oblique wall 44. Integrating components intothe ROPS reduce parts and overall weight of the machine 10.

Two components, each comprising a B-post 60 and a C-post 70 formedjointly as a single piece, are formed by hydroforming. The twohydroformed components are then attached together by cross members 82,84, 86 to form the ROPS 30. The cross members 82, 84, 86 may be attachedto the B-post 60 and C-post 70 on either side by welding or by anysuitable attachment method. Although the two hydroformed components (andtheir respective B-post 60 and C-post 70) described and illustrated inthis disclosure are symmetric, this is not a requirement. In general,the hydroformed components on either side of the cab 20 may benon-symmetric and may include a different number of support structures.For instance, in some embodiments, the hydroformed component on one sideof cab 20 may only include a B-post 60 while the component on theopposite side may include a B-post 60 and a C-post 70. Since theembodiment of the B-posts 60 and C-posts 70 on either side of the cab20, described in this disclosure, are substantially identical, only oneof these structures will be described in the description below.

C-post 70 includes a first portion 73 that extends upwards (see FIG. 6)from a first end 72 proximate the floor 34 to a second end 74 locatedbetween the floor 34 and the roof 32 of cab 20. It should be noted, thatthe term “end” as used in this disclosure does not necessarily refer toa terminal end of a member. Rather, it is used to refer to a regionwhere one portion of a member ends and another portion begins. Firstportion 73 is inclined in the y-z plane (see FIG. 5) such that the firstend 72 is located proximate a rear corner of the cab 20, and the secondend 74 is located proximate a center of the cab 20. In this orientation,the second end 74 of the first portion 73 is located behind theoperator's seat 22 (that is, covered by the operator's seat 22 whenviewed along the x-axis, see FIG. 2) and the first end 72 is angledoutwards towards a corner of the cab 20 (see FIG. 2). In someembodiments, an angle θ₃ (see FIG. 5) between the first portion 73 andthe horizontal plane (x-y plane) may be between about 35°-75°. In someembodiments, angle θ₃ may be between about 50°-70°. In preferredembodiments, angle θ₃ may be between about 60°-70°.

C-post 70 may include a second portion 75 that extends upwards from thesecond end 74 to a third end 76 proximate the roof 32. The secondportions 75 of the C-posts 70 on either side of ROPS 30 may besubstantially parallel to each other (see FIG. 5). In some embodiments,the second portion 75 may be a straight section that is inclinedbackwards (away from the seat 22) in the x-z plane (see FIG. 6). In someembodiments, the second portion 75 may be inclined from a vertical y-zplane by an angle θ₄ between about 5°- 30°. In some embodiments, angleθ₄ may be between about 5°-20°, and in some preferred embodiments, angleθ₄ may be between about 10°-15°. Since the second portions 75 arepositioned behind the operator, the inclination of the second portions75 away from the seat 22 increases cab space and allow the operator torecline the seat back (not shown). The rear window 48 of the cab 20 ispositioned between second portions 75 of the C-posts 70 (see FIG. 2).The incline of the second portions 75 may reduce glare on the rearwindow 48 and transmission of UV rays into the cab 20, and thus reduceHVAC. (Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning) load. Inclination ofthe second portion 75 also may reduce dust accumulation, on the rearwindow 48. In some embodiments of frame 28, the first portion 73 of theC-posts 70 may also be inclined in the x-z plane.

The C-post 70 includes a third portion 77 that curves out from the thirdend 76 to a fourth end 78 positioned proximate a side of the cab 20 (seeFIG. 7). The third portion 77 curves along multiple orthogonal planes(for instance, y-z plane (see FIG. 5), and x-y plane (see FIG. 7)) togradually change the orientation (direction of extension) of the C-post70. That is, at the third end 76, the C-post 70 extends along the height(z-axis) of the cab 20, and at the fourth end 78, the C-post 70 extendsalong the length (x-axis) of the cab 20. In some embodiments, thecurvature of the third portion 77 in both the y-z and the x-y planeschanges constantly (referred to as, swept curvature) along its length togradually change the direction of the C-post 70 from the third end 76 tothe fourth end 78. The curved configuration of the third portion 77 mayallow the ROPS 30 to readily absorb longitudinal forces. For example,with reference to FIG. 3, the curved third portion 77 may change thedirection of a longitudinal force acting on the cab 20 in the −xdirection (that is, from the front to back of the cab 20) firstlaterally towards the sides of the cab 20 (that is, in the y direction),and then downward (that is, in the −z direction) to the floor 34 of thecab 20. In some embodiments, the curvature of the third portion 77, inone or both of the y-z and x-y planes, may vary between about 1-4 timesthe diameter/width of the third portion 77. Such a curvature may assistmanufacturability while allowing the ROPS 30 to absorb expected forceswithout creating locations of stress concentration.

A header 69 extends forwardly (in the x direction) from the fourth end78 of the C-post 70 to a fifth end 68 along a side of the cab 20. Theheaders 69 on either side may support the roof 32 at the sides of thecab 20. In some embodiments, the headers 69 on either side of the cab 20may be arranged such that they gradually diverge from each other fromthe fourth end 78 to the fifth end 68 (see FIG. 7). That is, themagnitude of the y-coordinate of the fifth end 68 may be greater thanthe magnitude of the y-coordinate of the fourth end 78 (that is,|y₆₈|>|y₇₈|). In some embodiments, header 69 may extend linearly fromthe fourth end 78 to the fifth end 68, while in other embodiments,header 69 may be curved. The configuration (shape and arrangement) ofthe headers 69 on either side may increase the width of the top of cab20 towards the front. This configuration may increase the size of thewindshield 46, and the operator's visibility towards the front. A curvedheader 69 may increase the strength of the ROPS 30 by allowing multipleload paths through the header 69. A curved header 69 may also assist insmoothly transferring loads to the floor 34 of cab 20 without producingregions of stress concentration. A curved header 69 may also assist inreducing joints and added parts (for example, gussets), and therebyeliminate regions of structural weakness and reduce machine weight.

A fifth portion 67 connects the fifth end 68 of header 69 to a sixth end66 of a B-post 60. The fifth portion 67 is curved in the x-z plane (seeFIG. 6) and changes the orientation of the ROPS 30. That is, at thefifth end 68, header 69 extends along the length (x-axis) of the cab 20,and at the sixth end 66, the B-post 60 extends along the height (z-axis)of the cab 20. In some embodiments, the curvature of the fifth portion67 may change constantly, while in other embodiments, the curvature maybe fixed. In some embodiments, the curvature of the fifth portion 67 mayvary between about 1-4 times the diameter/width of the fifth portion 67.Such a curvature may assist manufacturability while allowing the ROPS 30to absorb expected forces without creating locations of stressconcentration.

The B-post 60 of ROPS 30 extends from a seventh end 62 positionedproximate the floor 34 of cab 20 to the sixth end 66 of the fifthportion 67. In some embodiments, the B-posts 60 may extend linearly fromthe seventh end 62 to the sixth end 66. Similar to the A-posts 50, theB-posts 60 on either side of the cab 20 may be inclined forwardly andoutwardly from the seventh end 62 to the sixth end 66. That is, theB-post 60 may be inclined in both the x-z plane (see FIG. 6) and the y-zplane (see FIG. 5). In general, the B-post 60 may be inclined forwardlyin the x-z plane such the B-post 60 makes an angle θ₅ between about0°-10° from the y-z plane (see FIG. 6), and the B-post 60 may beinclined outwardly in the y-z plane such that the B-post 60 makes anangle θ₆ between about 0°-15° from the x-z plane (see FIG. 5). In someembodiments, θ₅ may be between about 2°-10°, and θ₆ between about5°-15°. In some preferred embodiments, θ₅ may be between about 2°-6°,and θ₅ between about 5°-10°. Due to their inclination, the seventh ends62 of the B-posts 60 on either side may be closer to each other than thesixth ends 66. In some embodiments, the B-posts 60 may only be inclinedin one plane (that is, only along one of y-z or x-z planes).

Inclining the B-posts 60 forward and outward makes these posts appearvertical to an operator in seat 22. Inclining the B-posts 60 forwardand/or outward also increases the space inside the cab 20 and the areaof the windshield 46. The oblique walls 44 (see FIG. 2) and the doors ofcab 20 are positioned between the B-posts 60 and the A-posts 50.Inclining the B-posts 60 and the A-posts 50 forwardly and/or outwardlyincreases the available area for the door and thus makes entry (andexit) into cab 20 easier. The cross-sectional shape and configuration ofthe B-post 60 may also be adapted to minimize visibility blockage, andallow unobstructed viewing through the side and oblique walls 42, 44 ofthe cab 20. For instance, the B-posts 60 may have an elongatedcross-sectional shape with a long and a short axis. And, the B-post 60may be arranged such that its long axis is oriented to be parallel tothe operator's line of sight.

As explained earlier, two components, each comprising a B-post 60 and aC-post 70 connected together by a header 69 to form a single part, areattached together by cross members 82, 84, 86 to form the ROPS 30. Crossmembers 82 and 84 connect the C-posts 70 on either side of the cab 20 ina ladder configuration, and cross member 86 connects the seventh ends 62of the B-posts 60 together. The cross members 82, 84, 86 minimizerotation of the cab 20 about the index axis 100, and thus providetorsional rigidity to the cab 20. Although FIG. 4 illustrates only threecross members 82, 84, 86, some embodiments of ROPS 30 may include more(or less) cross members. For instance, in some embodiments, in additionto cross members 82, 84 connecting the middle and top portions of theC-posts 70 together, another cross member may connect the bottom portionof the C-posts 70 together.

The configuration and shape of the ROPS 30 described above increasesoperator visibility by decreasing obstructions to the operator's line ofsight. FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of the operator's line ofsight 90 from cab 20. As described previously, the line of the sight 90of the operator may generally be along straight lines that extendoutwards from the index axis 100. The visibility of an operator will bedescribed with reference to a viewing angle Ψ. The viewing angle Ψcorresponds to the view of an operator between adjacent vertical supportposts of the frame 28 of cab 20. The viewing angle is indicative of therange of unobstructed viewing available to the operator without movingin seat 22. As described previously, it is desirable for the operator toobserve the location of a GET or a critical zone of the machine 10 (forexample, relative positions of the blade heel and tires, see FIG. 1)without having to move in the cab 20 or stretch from the seat 22. If asupport post obstructs the operator's view to a critical zone, theoperator may have to move/stretch from the seat 22 to see around theobstruction. Such movements by the operator, while controlling themachine 10, increases operator fatigue and negatively affects operatorefficiency. Therefore, in general, a large viewing angle in differentdirections improves operator efficiency and reduces operator fatigue.

The spacing between the A-posts 50 of frame 28 may be such that aviewing angle Ψ₁ through the windshield 46 may be between about 15°-90°.Since the A-posts 50 of frame 28 are inclined forwardly and outwardly,the viewing angle Ψ₁ increases from the floor 34 to the roof 32 of thecab 20. The spacing between the A-posts 50 and the B-posts 60 mayprovide a viewing angle Ψ₂ between about 20°-40°. Since the A-posts 50and B-posts 60 are inclined forwardly and outwardly, viewing angle Ψ₂also increases from the floor 34 to the roof 32. As can be seen in FIGS.2 and 3, glass panes that are coupled to one another to form joints formthe rear corners of cab 20. The configuration of C-posts leaves the rearcorners of the cab 20 unobstructed by vertical posts, and provides aviewing angle Ψ₃ between about 60°-130°. In some embodiments, viewingangles Ψ₁, Ψ₂, and Ψ₃ may vary between about 30°-70°, 22°-38°, and70°-120°, respectively. In some preferred embodiments, viewing anglesΨ₁, Ψ₂, and Ψ₃ may vary between about 40°-60°, 25°-35°, and 80°-110°,respectively. Since the rear corners of cab 20 are free of verticalposts, the operator's view to implements (such as, ripper 14 in FIG. 1)in the rear of machine 10, and the engine system 16 are unobstructed.

In some embodiments, the region of the floor 34 between the B-post 60and C-post 70 may be recessed to increase the operator's visibility tothe ground close to the machine 10. As illustrated in FIG. 9, recessingthe floor 34 between the B-post 60 and the C-post 70 enables theoperator to see regions of the ground closer to the machine 10. Thisincreases the visibility of the operator to the heel of the blade 12 andthe tires 18. In some embodiments, the floor 34 between the B-post 60and the C-post 70 may be recessed (or stepped) below the floor betweenthe B-post 60 and the A-post 50 by between about 30-100 mm. In someembodiments, the recess may be between about 40-60 mm. Keeping the floorbetween the B-post 60 and the A-post 50 higher than the floor betweenthe B-post 60 and the C-post 70 provides space for hydraulic and othersystems of the machine 10 to be positioned below this region.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

A cab for a mobile machine includes a frame with an integrated rolloverprotective structure (ROPS). Although the cab is described withreference to a motor grader, the current disclosure may be applied tothe cab of any mobile machine to improve the operator's visibility outof the cab. The integrated ROPS of the cab frame may protect the cab ina rollover. The members of the ROPS and the frame are positioned tominimize obstruction to the operator's visibility while increasing theload carrying capacity of the ROPS.

Frame 28 of the cab 20 may include components positioned on the sidesand extending along the length of the cab. In some embodiments, frame 28includes components that are substantially symmetrically positionedabout a vertical plane extending along the cab length (see x-z plane inFIG. 2). The frame 28 includes two A-posts 50 positioned at the frontend of the cab 20, and a ROPS 30 integrated with the frame 28 behind theA-posts 50. In some embodiments, ROPS 30 may he a substantiallysymmetric structure that includes two C-posts 70 positioned at the rearends of the cab 20 and two B-posts 60 positioned between the C-posts 70and the A-posts 50. A C-post 70 and a B-post 60 of the ROPS 30 areformed as a single part without any joints using a hydroformingoperation. The hydroforming operation is adapted to produce a singlepart comprising a C-post 70 connected to a B-post 60 through a header69. The cross-sectional shapes and configurations at different locationsof the part are adapted to minimize obstruction to the operator'svisibility while increasing the load bearing capacity of the structure.

The C-post 70 is positioned at the rear corner of the cab 20 behind theoperator's seat 22. The C-post 70 angles upwards from the floor 34 at arear corner of the cab 20 towards the center of the cab 20. At thecenter of the cab 20, the C-post 70 extends upwards towards the roof 32behind the operator's seat 22. The upper portion of the C-posts 70curves outwards towards the top corner of the cab 20 to form a header 69that extends towards the front of the cab 20. Repositioning the upperportions of the C-posts 70 closer to one another leaves the rear cornersof the cab 20 free of vertical support members that may obstruct theoperator's view towards the rear. The portion of the C-posts 70 thatextends upwards behind the operator's seat 22 may be inclined away fromthe seat 22 to allow the back of the operator's seat 22 to be reclined.The upper portion of the posts may be curved in two orthogonal planes togradually turn the upper end of the C-post 70 towards the header 69. Thecurvature of the upper portion of the C-post 70 may gradually changealong its length to allow the ROPS 30 to absorb large loads withoutfailure.

The upper portions of the C-post 70 and the header 69 may support theroof 32 along the edges of the cab 20. The header 69 may be curvedoutwards from the cab 20 to increase the strength of the ROPS 30 withoutadditional support structures, and thereby reduce the weight of the ROPS30. At its front end 69, the header 69 is coupled with the B-post 60that extends downwards towards the floor 34. The B-post 60 is inclinedforwards and outwards from the cab 20 to increase visibility and makethe B-post 60 appear vertical to the operator in seat 22. The A-post 50is positioned at the front corner of the cab 20. The A-post 50 may alsobe inclined forward and outward from the cab 20 to increase visibilityand make the A-post 50 appear vertical to the operator. In someembodiments, the A-post 50 and the B-post 60 may have an elongatedcross-sectional shape and these posts may be arranged with its long axisparallel to the operator's line of sight to minimize obstruction to theoperator's field or view. In some embodiments, to increase theoperator's visibility to the ground close to the machine 10, the floor34 of the cab 20 between the B-post 60 and C-post 70 may be positionedbelow for recessed) the floor 34 between the A-post 50 and B-post 60.

The A-post 50, B-post 60, and C-post 70 of the ROPS 30 are shaped andarranged to minimize obstruction to the operator's line of sight andreduce parts needed for the frame 28, while increasing the cab size andload carrying capacity of the ROPS 30. Increasing the operator'svisibility and cab space reduces operator fatigue and thus improvesproductivity. Increasing the load carrying capacity of ROPS 30 increasessafety in a rollover. Reducing the number of parts needed for the frame28 reduces frame weight and manufacturing cost, and thereby improvesmachine efficiency and costs.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that variousmodifications and variations may be made to the cab frame for the mobilemachine without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Otherembodiments of the disclosed cab frame will be apparent to those skilledin the art from consideration of the specification and practice of thecab frame disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification andexamples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope of thedisclosure being indicated by the following claims and theirequivalents.

1-20. (canceled)
 21. A cabin for a mobile machine, comprising: a floor;a roof; at least one A-post located at a leading end relative to aforward travel direction of the mobile machine; at least one C-postlocated at a trailing end opposite the at least one A-post; and a B-postlocated between the at least one A-post and the at least one C-post,wherein: the B-post and the at least one C-post together define anunobstructed corner viewing area therebetween.
 22. The cabin of claim21, wherein the unobstructed corner viewing area spans through about80-110°.
 23. The cabin of claim 22, wherein the at least one A-post andthe B-post together define an unobstructed side viewing areatherebetween spanning through about 25-35°.
 24. The cabin of claim 22,wherein the at least one A-post includes a first A-post and a secondA-post, the first and second A-posts together defining an unobstructedforward viewing area therebetween spanning through about 40-60°.
 25. Thecabin of claim 21, wherein the unobstructed corner viewing area islocated at only an upper half of the cabin.
 26. The cabin of claim 21,wherein the floor includes a front portion between the at least oneA-post and the B-post and a rear portion between the B-post and the atleast one C-post, and the rear portion is recessed by about 40-60 mm.27. The cabin of claim 21, wherein a portion of the at least one C-postinclines backwards by about 5-30° relative to a traveling direction ofthe mobile machine.
 28. The cabin of claim 21, wherein the at least oneC-post is curved in at least two orthogonal planes.
 29. The cabin ofclaim 28, wherein the at least one C-post extends upwardly from thefloor along a height direction of the cab and laterally along the roofin a direction orthogonal to the height direction.
 30. The cabin ofclaim 21, wherein one or more of the B-post and the at least one A-postinclines forward along a vertical axis relative to a traveling directionof the mobile machine, and outward away from the vertical axis.
 31. Thecabin of claim 21, wherein the B-post has a generally rectangular axis,and a long side of the B-post is generally aligned with an operator'sline of sight from inside the cabin.
 32. The cabin of claim 31, whereinthe at least one A-post has a generally rectangular axis, and a longside of the at least one A-post is generally aligned with an operator'sline of sight from inside the cabin.
 33. The cabin of claim 21, wherein:the at least one C-post includes a first C-post and a second C-postconnected by at least one cross member; the first C-post includes afirst terminal portion at a first rear corner of the floor; the secondC-post includes a second terminal portion at an opposing second rearcorner of the cab; and the first and second C-posts each include a thirdterminal portion co-located at a roof of the cab, at a center of a rearedge.
 34. The cabin of claim 33, wherein the first C-post extends fromthe first terminal portion towards the second C-post at an angle ofabout 60-70°, and the second C-post extends from the second terminalportion toward the first C-post at an angle of about 60-70°.
 35. Thecabin of claim 34, wherein the first C-post intersects the second C-postat a lower half of the cabin.
 36. The cabin of claim 21, wherein the atleast one C-post includes: a straight first section incliningtransversely inward relative to a traveling direction of the mobilemachine from a first end proximate a bottom rear corner of the cabin toa second end behind a seat of the mobile machine; a straight secondsection extending from the second end to a third end proximate the roof,the second section being generally perpendicular to the roof; and acurved third section extending transversely outward along the roof fromthe third end to a fourth end proximate a top rear corner of the cabin.37. The cabin of claim 36, wherein the third section has a curvature anda width, the curvature of the third portion varying between about 1-4times the width.
 38. A cabin for a mobile machine, comprising: a floor;a roof; at least a first and a second A-post located at a leading endrelative to a forward travel direction of the mobile machine, the firstand second A-posts together defining an unobstructed forward viewingarea therebetween; at least one C-post located at a trailing endopposite the at least one A-post, wherein the at least one C-post iscurved in at least two orthogonal planes; and a B-post located betweenthe at least one A-post and the at least one C-post, wherein: the atleast one A-post and the B-post together define an unobstructed sideviewing area therebetween; the B-post and the at least one C-posttogether define an unobstructed corner viewing area therebetween; andthe unobstructed corner viewing area is larger than the unobstructedside viewing area and larger than the unobstructed forward viewing area.39. A mobile machine, comprising: a cab having a floor, a roof, and aROPS structure, the ROPS structure including: at least one A-postlocated at a leading end relative to a forward travel direction of themobile machine; at least one C-post located at a trailing end oppositethe at least one A-post; and a B-post located between the at least oneA-post and the at least one C-post, wherein: the B-post and the at leastone C-post together define an unobstructed corner viewing areatherebetween.
 40. The cabin of claim 39, further including: a doorlocated between the B-post and the at least one A-post; and a cornerwindow located between the B-post and the at least one C-posts, at onlythe upper portion of the cab.